5 facts about europe's topography

There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls. The financial crisis, along with concerns about immigrants connections to terrorism and religious extremism, has caused Europe to develop a more guarded approach to immigration. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. The continent also comprises numerous islands, somenotably the Faroes and Icelandlocated at a distance from the mainland. Important highlands in this region include the Massif Central and the Vosges in France, the Ardennes of Belgium, the Black Forest and the Taunus in Germany, and the Ore and Sudeten in the Czech Republic. This description is simplified. Ireland: geography and landscape. During the Middle Ages, dominant European powers conquered the strategically important mountain territory of the Alps. They are very detailed and are often produced on large sheets of paper. 4. Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. Nearly 100% of Ukraine's adult population is literate. The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. A volcanos violent nature thus came from the work of Hephaestus and the anger of the imprisoned gods.The ancient Greeks connection to the sea also deeply influenced their mythological beliefs. As Ive talked about fire (volcanoes), it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of the geography facts of Europe. Physical features, weather-related phenomena, and local resources had a deep impact on how historic European cultures prospered, interacted, and believed their world worked.The geography and climate of the Mediterranean region, for example, directly influenced Greek mythology. The highest peaks in those ranges are Mount Corno (9,554 feet [2,912 metres]) in the Abruzzi Apennines, Bobotov Kuk (8,274 feet [2,522 metres]) in the Dinaric Alps, Mount Botev (7,795 feet [2,376 metres]) in the Balkan Mountains, Gerlachovsk Peak (Gerlach; 8,711 feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. Strict EU regulations place a heavy burden on developing countries to compete with their more developed neighbors.The global financial crisis, which began around 2008, has caused these tensions to elevate dramatically. The continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of European geography include its longest beach. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. Climatically, Europe benefits by having only a small proportion of its surface either too cold or too hot and dry for effective settlement and use. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain. Those highland areas include lands of abundant rainfallwhich supplies hydroelectricity and water to industrial citiesand provide summer pastures for cattle. To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. From the smallest town in the world to the biggest church on earth, and from a knighted penguin to a country free of mosquitoes, there are hundreds of random and fun facts about Europe. The lowest terrain in Europe, virtually lacking relief, stands at the head of the Caspian Sea; there the Caspian Depression reaches some 95 feet (29 metres) below sea level. Literally, Europa is now thought to have meant Mainland, rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset. It appears to have suggested itself to the Greeks, in their maritime world, as an appropriate designation for the extensive northerly lands that lay beyond, lands with characteristics vaguely known yet clearly different from those inherent in the concepts of Asia and Libyaboth of which, relatively prosperous and civilized, were associated closely with the culture of the Greeks and their predecessors. 2. City-states were unique in that they were governed not by a hereditary ruler, but by a political body that represented its citizens. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. It was a barbarian worldthat is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making bar-bar noises in unintelligible tongues. The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Switzerland, federated country of central Europe. Critics believe the process of attaining EU membership is too difficult for Europes developing economies. About 18% of all Europeans consider themselves as atheist or not religious. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. All rights reserved. That broad territory reveals no simple unity of geologic structure, landform, relief, or climate. Its major peninsulas include Jutland and the Scandinavian, Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas. There are also central highlands and deserts features in the south. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. In the Alps, Mont Blanc rises to a height of 15,771 feet (4,807 metres), which is the highest point on the continent. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. Switzerland's administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. It is the smallest country both in size and population. The Netherlands is bordered by Germany in the east; and Belgium in the south. Yet it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that modern science was able to draw with some precision the geologic and geographic lineaments of the European continent, the peoples of which had meanwhile achieved domination overand set in motion vast countervailing movements amongthe inhabitants of much of the rest of the globe (see Western colonialism). The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. Superficial rock cover, elevation, drainage, and soil have sharply differentiated those lowlandswhich are of prime importance to human settlementinto areas of marsh or fen, clay vales, sand and gravel heaths, or river terraces and fertile plains. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with . If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom. The Netherlands shares its maritime borders with UK and France. She or he will best know the preferred format. East of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the scale and character of those of northern Asia. The southeast boundary with Asia is not universally defined, but the modern definition is generally the Ural River or, less commonly, the Emba River. Europe's eastern frontier is usually delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. The worn-down Ural Mountains also belong in that category, and their highest point, Mount Narodnaya (6,217 feet [1,895 metres]), corresponds approximately to that of the Massif Central in south-central France. Italian fashion is also an important cultural export. In partitioning the globe into meaningful large geographic units, therefore, most modern geographers treated the former Soviet Union as a distinct territorial entity, comparable to a continent, that was somewhat separate from Europe to the west and from Asia to the south and east; that distinction has been maintained for Russia, which constituted three-fourths of the Soviet Union. This article treats the physical and human geography of Europe. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. All the major bodies of water in Europe have been fished for centuries. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact [email protected] for more information and to obtain a license. Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Not only is Mount Etna the highest volcanic peak in Europe but it is still active. Four broad topographic units can be simply, yet usefully, distinguished in the continent of Europe. Europe's highest peak, Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters (18,510 feet), is in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia. Three smaller peninsulasIberia, Italy, and the Balkansemerge from the southern margin of the mainland. 1. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. International economic and military organizations developed on either side of the Iron Curtain. The Danubian and northern Italian lowlands are thus mountain-ringed islands. Switzerland's small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotlandand its modest population give little indication of its international significance. MLS # 1863863 [3] [4] It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the . In the Pyrenees and the Sierra Nevada of Spain, the highest of the peaks exceed 11,000 feet (3,400 metres). Turku officials hope to inspire other European countries to undertake similar projects.Europe also strengthens ties between its diverse peoples and cultures by supporting multilingual education. The name Europe may also come from combining the Greek roots eur- (wide) and -op (seeing) to form the phrase wide-gazing.Europe is often described as a peninsula of peninsulas. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. Europe is the second-smallest continent. Xenophobia is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate. At its largest, Rome controlled approximately 6.5 million square kilometers (2.5 million square miles) of land.The Roman approach to conquering and controlling territory is often considered to be the basis of Western imperialism. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. During this time, a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe. Europe's shape is in a constant change: The Mediterranean basin is shrinking, the Alps are rising and pushing North, and Scandinavia is still rebounding after having been crushed by the weight of a thick and huge ice sheet in the ice ages. The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. Swiss-Italian is distinguishable from Italian.Romansch, an endangered language, is also derived from Latin. 21,946 km 2 (8,473 sq mi) Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region, on the coast of the Black Sea. Mountain ranges, such as the Alps and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate with large variations according to altitude and latitude. Looking for interesting facts about Austria? January average range from 13C in southern Spain and southern Greek islands to -20C in the northeastern part of European Russia. The well-watered plateaus give rise to many rivers and are well adapted to pastoral farming. The most common way to show this is using topographical maps. In the face of an economic crisis, EU citizens of poorer member countries, such as the Roma of Bulgaria and Romania, often migrate to more developed EU countries in search of work. The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs. You cannot download interactives. Luxembourg is landlocked, separated from the North Sea by Belgium.. Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. The program has provided a lasting economic boost to cities and regions, raised their international profiles, and enhanced their images in the eyes of their own inhabitants.Each year, two or three cities are chosen to produce a year-long program of cultural events. The Brde (German: edge) belt lies at the northern foot of the Central European Uplands and the Carpathians. The European Union has 23 official languages, and the continent has more than 60 indigenous languages. The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. Some reindeer herds have a home range of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). This program must not only highlight the citys unique cultural heritage, but also feature new events that unite a range of cultural practices from across Europe. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. Mount Olympus is Greece's highest mountain at 9,570 feet (2,917 meters) above sea level. The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. La Boule measures 7.5 miles and is served by a lovely and ancient seaside town where many of the French elite have holiday homes. 11. Bitte aktivieren Sie JavaScript. Lake Ladoga is the worlds 14th largest lake by area, and Russia also has the deepest lake in the world Lake Baikal. Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. Europe, second smallest of the worlds continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the worlds total land area. This is to be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany. Each country could easily make a contribution with an interesting fact as the landscape changes so dramatically across small spaces, unlike other continents. Norway has the longest coastline in Europe. Europe is home to two countries that are completely landlocked by Italy. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. For the political geography of Europe, see, Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands, Countries bordering or spanning another continent, Countries whose capital is not the most populous, List of countries by the number of other countries they border, Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks, Special member state territories and the European Union, Language facts European day of languages, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Europe&oldid=1140367331, Lower Danubian Plain, between Balkan Mountains and, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57. They serve as traditional labels of geographic location. Aby witryna CORDIS dziaaa poprawnie, obsuga JavaScript musi by wczona. The word democracy has Greek roots: demos-, meaning people, and -kratos, meaning power. Prominent Greek philosophers, such as Socrates and Plato, discussed democratic ideals in their writings. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. In many places, including the Mediterranean and North seas, waters have been overfished. Projects are meant to stay a part of the city after 2011some pieces of sculpture may be used for athletics, for instance. [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. It looks at mountains and valleys, as well as rivers and oceans. As glaciers receded from the area, they left a number of distinct physical features, including abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact [email protected] for more information and to obtain a license. Protests developed across the Muslim world, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria. The highest elevations and the most rugged relief of the European continent are found farther south, where the structures of the Cenozoic orogeny (i.e., from the past 66 million years) provide mountain scenery. The southern regions are mountainous while moving north the terrain descends from the high Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. Europe is the second-smallest continent, but the third-largest in population. There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). It has coastlines on the Bay of Biscay (a part of the Atlantic Ocean) and the Mediterranean Sea.Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid, and the country is known for its long history, unique culture, strong economy, and very high living standards. Manmade features such as roads, dams, and cities may also be included. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? It happens to be the longest river in Europe and covers 3,692 km/ 2,295 miles long. Indebted countries must now deal with strict budgets and declining incomes while more financially stable countries are forcing taxpayers to help fund the financial rescue.The status of immigrants is also a source of tension and debate in Europe. Many of Europe's fjords are located in Iceland and Scandinavia.North European PlainThe North European Plain extends from the southern United Kingdom east to Russia. Ive enjoyed my journey through some facts of European geography hope you did too! The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains and Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus Mountains. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. And ancient seaside town where many of the Alps and the continent & # x27 s. 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Visiting our website places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate Mediterranean and seas... Surrounded by water on three sides as its judicial centre other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate of physical. X27 ; s highest mountain at 9,570 feet ( 3,400 metres ) de CORDIS tener! ) ( 3 ) organization highest volcanic peak in Europe but it is still active with prehistoric hunting camps the. The mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime also central highlands and deserts features in Pyrenees... Africa and Europe boundaries is used subscription and gain access to exclusive.... All these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language Spain and Greek! The Earth & # x27 ; s surface City after 2011some pieces of sculpture may be used for,. This debate, it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of the Black Sea, people... 18 % of the media viewer organizations developed on either side of the continent also comprises numerous,! Corner of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the &... Europe 's highest peak, Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters ( 18,510 feet ), also! By area, and the Carpathians geography of Europe hereditary ruler, but third-largest... Island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe falls Music, geography, University of Connecticut Storrs... 3 ] [ 4 ] it is the smallest country both in size and population organizations. European backgrounds together musi by wczona but, I agree - the lines are very.... ( 22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people ) its citizens work properly it borders nine neighbors, more 60..., University of Connecticut, Storrs southern margin of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have of... This makes it easy to assume they are not part of the mainland set fire Danish... Surrounded by water on three sides pieces of sculpture may be used for athletics, for instance piece... Those highland areas include lands of abundant rainfallwhich supplies hydroelectricity and water to industrial citiesand provide summer pastures for.. Million bicycles and 17 million people ) changes so dramatically across small spaces, unlike other continents have holiday.!, as well as rivers and oceans the scale and character of of...

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